Periodontal Disease in North York

Understanding Periodontal Disease and Bone Loss: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

What Is Periodontal Disease?

Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gums and the bone supporting your teeth. It begins with plaque buildup—a sticky, bacteria-laden film that forms on your teeth—and can progress from mild gum irritation (gingivitis) to severe infection and bone loss (periodontitis).

Healthy gums are essential not only for a beautiful smile but also for maintaining strong teeth and jawbone health. When left untreated, periodontal disease can lead to gum recession, tooth loss, and serious health complications, including increased risk for heart disease and diabetes.

When to See a Periodontist

Should your general dentist or a hygienist find signs of periodontal disease during the course of your checkup or other dental care appointments, they may recommend a consultation with Dr. Novack. Alternatively, you may choose to see a periodontist on your own. A referral is not necessary to be seen at our office. In fact, should you experience any of the following symptoms, we encourage you to schedule an appointment at our office without delay:

• Bleeding while brushing or eating normal foods Unexplained bleeding while performing regular cleaning or consuming food is the most common sign of a periodontal infection.
• Bad breath Ongoing bad breath (halitosis) which persists despite daily oral cleaning can point to a gum infection that has spread into the jawbone (periodontitis).
• Loose teeth and gum recession Longer looking or loose feeling teeth indicate gum recession and the destruction of the supporting jawbone due to periodontal disease.

Related health concerns

The health of patients with heart disease, diabetes, osteopenia-osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis or recurrent respiratory infections can be jeopardized by periodontal infections.  Bacterial infection present in one’s gums does spread through the blood stream, affecting other parts of the body.

The Progression of Gum Disease

Gum disease develops in stages:

1. Gingivitis (Early Stage)

• Caused by plaque buildup at the gum line.

• Gums may appear red, swollen, and may bleed during brushing.

• At this stage, damage is reversible with proper dental hygiene and professional care.

2. Periodontitis (Advanced Stage)

• Occurs when infection spreads beneath the gums and starts destroying the supporting bone.

• Deep pockets form between teeth and gums, harboring more bacteria.

• Leads to gum recession, tooth mobility, and eventually, tooth loss.

If untreated, periodontitis can compromise your ability to chew, speak, and maintain overall health.

Symptoms and Warning Signs

Many people are unaware they have periodontal disease—especially in the early stages. Common symptoms include:

• Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing

• Swollen, red, or tender gums

• Persistent bad breath

• Receding gums

• Loose or shifting teeth

• Tooth sensitivity or pain

Approximately 80% of Canadians over age 45 are affected by some form of periodontal disease, with 1 in 5 unaware of their condition.

What Causes Periodontal Disease?

The primary cause is dental plaque—a soft, colorless film containing millions of bacteria. Plaque forms within minutes of cleaning and, if not removed, hardens into tartar (calculus), which is much harder to remove.

As bacteria accumulate, they release toxins that inflame the gums and trigger an immune response. Unfortunately, this immune response can also lead to the destruction of bone and connective tissue, especially when left unchecked.

Why Periodontal Treatment Matters

Early diagnosis and specialist care are essential for stopping the progression of gum disease. Timely intervention can:

• Save natural teeth

• Preserve jawbone structure

• Improve overall health

• Reduce treatment costs

• Enhance the success of future restorative treatments like implants

Let us help you restore your oral health and smile with confidence.

The Connection Between Tooth Loss and Bone Loss

When teeth are missing, the underlying jawbone begins to deteriorate due to lack of stimulation. This process—called bone resorption—can lead to serious functional and aesthetic issues:

Consequences of Untreated Tooth and Bone Loss:

• Jaw misalignment and bite problems

• Collapsed facial structure and premature aging

• Wrinkling and sagging skin around the mouth

• Difficulty eating, speaking, and chewing

• Chronic pain in the face and jaw (TMJ issues)

• Nutritional deficiencies due to poor chewing function

• Sinus complications (in upper jaw bone loss cases)

Just like muscles need exercise, bones need stimulation. Without teeth to support, the jawbone loses density and strength over time.

Bone Grafting for Dental Implants

If you’ve experienced bone loss due to periodontal disease or missing teeth, bone grafting can help restore the foundation needed for successful dental implants.

What Is Bone Grafting?

Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that adds bone material to areas where your natural bone has deteriorated. This process strengthens your jaw and makes it suitable for placing dental implants.

When Is Bone Grafting Needed?

• After tooth loss or extraction

• Due to advanced gum disease

• Following trauma or injury

• If congenital conditions affect bone density

• Before dental implant placement

Types of Bone Grafts

1. Autogenous Grafts (From Your Own Body)

   • Usually taken from the chin or jaw

   • Biologically active and highly effective

2. Allogenic Grafts (From Human Donors)

   • Safe, processed donor bone

   • Provides a framework for natural bone regeneration

3. Xenogenic Grafts (From Animal Sources)

   • Typically bovine or porcine origin

   • Processed to be safe and biocompatible

How Bone Grafting Works

The graft material is placed in the area of bone loss. Over time, your body integrates it, and new bone begins to grow. Additional techniques such as:

• Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR)

• Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy

…may be used to accelerate healing and enhance results.

Why Choose Us for Periodontal and Implant Care?

We specialize in comprehensive periodontal care, from early diagnosis and maintenance to advanced surgical procedures like bone grafting and dental implants. Our expert team uses the latest technology to deliver comfortable, personalized treatment plans designed to protect your smile—and your overall health.

Take Action Today: Protect Your Smile for Life

Gum disease is serious, but it’s also treatable and preventable—especially when detected early. Whether you’re experiencing symptoms or simply seeking to prevent future problems, the best time to act is now.

🦷 Schedule your periodontal evaluation with Dr. Novack today.
Let us help you preserve your oral health, confidence, and overall well-being.